[184], There are six Municipal corporations in Kerala that govern Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Kochi, Thrissur, Kozhikode and Kannur. [345] Kerala's rural poverty rate fell from 59% (1973–1974) to 12% (1999–2010); the overall (urban and rural) rate fell 47% between the 1970s and 2000s against the 29% fall in overall poverty rate in India. This process takes place over many generations. Rocher, Ludo (1986). Sikkim is the second smallest state after Goa, but it has many physical features like forests, rivers and mountains around its edges. [185] The Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation is the largest corporation in Kerala while Kochi metropolitan area named Kochi UA is the largest urban agglomeration. Miller, E. Roland. Calicut International Airport, which was opened in 1988, is the second-oldest existing airport in Kerala and the oldest in the Malabar region. [125] Some social struggles against caste inequalities also erupted in the early decades of 20th century, leading to the 1936 Temple Entry Proclamation that opened Hindu temples in Travancore to all castes. Kerala is a state on the southwestern Malabar Coast of India. [88] However, in the 14th century, Ravi Varma Kulashekhara (1299–1314) of the southern Venad kingdom was able to establish a short-lived supremacy over southern India. In the last centuries BCE the coast became important to the Greeks and Romans for its spices, especially black pepper. [351] In 2001, Muslims had the TFR of 2.6 as against 1.5 for Hindus and 1.7 for Christians. It is one of the country's oldest state-run public bus transport services. The state has a coast of 590 km (370 mi)[135] and the width of the state varies between 11 and 121 kilometres (7 and 75 mi). When you visit Kerala, you'll see men and women wearing completely white attires. The industry provides employment to approximately 1.2 million people.[564]. [159] Around 65% of the rainfall occurs from June to August corresponding to the Southwest monsoon, and the rest from September to December corresponding to Northeast monsoon. This strip is around 320 km in length and 48–64 km wide. Other than civilian airports, Kochi has a naval airport named INS Garuda. [147] The chain's forests are considered to be older than the Himalaya mountains. India's first coir factory was set up in Alleppey in 1859–60. However, the dominance of Middle East traders was challenged in the European Age of Discovery. Kerala has one major port, 17 minor ports and a few mini ports. [321] In the state, the rate of population growth is India's lowest, and the decadal growth of 4.9% in 2011 is less than one third of the all-India average of 17.64%. The major beaches are at Kovalam, Varkala, Kozhikode, Fort Kochi, Cherai, Alappuzha, Payyambalam, Kappad, Muzhappilangad and Bekal. [571] The Kerala backwaters are an extensive network of interlocking rivers (41 west-flowing rivers), lakes, and canals that centre around Alleppey, Kumarakom and Punnamada (where the annual Nehru Trophy Boat Race is held in August), Pathiramanal a small island in Muhamma . [27], The earliest Sanskrit text to mention Kerala as Cherapadha is the late Vedic text Aitareya Aranyaka. [566] The revenue from tourism increased five-fold between 2001 and 2011 and crossed the ₹ 190 billion mark in 2011. [26] The word Cheral refers to the oldest known dynasty of Kerala kings and is derived from the Proto-Tamil-Malayalam word for 'lake'. [330][331][332] Queerala is one of the major LGBT organisation in Kerala. The physical features of the Patkai mountains are conical peaks, steep slopes and deep valleys. [283] New projects for hill and coastal highways were recently announced under KIIFB. [415] The Paradesi Synagogue at Kochi is the oldest synagogue in the Commonwealth. [562] In 2006, Kerala attracted 8.5 million tourists, an increase of 23.68% over the previous year, making the state one of the fastest-growing popular destinations in the world. The district can be divided into three geographical regions: Highlands, Midlands, and Lowlands. It was the first technology park in India[235][236] and with the inauguration of the Thejaswini complex on 22 February 2007, Technopark became the largest IT Park in India. [283] Palakkad district is generally referred to as the Gateway of Kerala, due to the presence of the Palakkad Gap in the Western Ghats, through which the northern (Malabar) and southern (Travancore) parts of Kerala are connected to the rest of India via road and rail. It rises up to about 95% during the South-West monsoon.[7]. [388][389] Notable has been the occurrence of Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin, the Hindu King that moved to Arabia to meet the Islamic Prophet Muhammad and converted to Islam. [217] Kerala is home to forty four rivers and the largest river is the Periyar River which is nearly 244kms long. The district also gets thunderstorm rains in the pre-monsoon months of April and May. [227] A mining sector of 0.3% of GSDP involves extraction of ilmenite, kaolin, bauxite, silica, quartz, rutile, zircon, and sillimanite. [234] The 2013 Tendulkar Committee Report on poverty estimated that the percentages of the population living below the poverty line in rural and urban Kerala are 9.14% and 4.97%, respectively. The neighboring states of Kerala are Karnataka in the north and Tamil Nadu sharing the border with the rest of Kerala. They were also the runners-up eight times.[544]. This is an area of intense agricultural activities. During his reign, the Portuguese managed to dominate relations with Kochi and established a few fortresses on the Malabar Coast. [485] Melam; including the paandi and panchari variants, is a more percussive style of music:[486] it is performed at Kshetram-centered festivals using the chenda. [361] Kerala has the lowest proportion of homeless people in rural India – 0.04%,[362] and the state is attempting to reach the goal of becoming the first "Zero Homeless State", in addition to its acclaimed "Zero landless project", with private organisations and the expatriate Malayali community funding projects for building homes for the homeless. [367] According to a study commissioned by Lien Foundation, a Singapore-based philanthropic organisation, Kerala is considered to be the best place to die in India based on the state's provision of palliative care for patients with serious illnesses. , Mulibar, and Asia 's first coir factory was set up in Alleppey in 1859–60 diverse and unknown in. Received by the colonial government in 1884 headquartered at Malappuram, India Today,. 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