More famous than these ventures was Las Casas’s writing of letters, arguments, debates, a history, a description of native cultures, and the impassioned, violent, propagandistic A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies. Hanke, Lewis. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. He wrote "A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies" in 1542, a shocking catalogue of mass slaughter, torture and slavery, which showed that the evangelizing vision of Columbus had descended under later conquistadors into genocide. The title of Las … On the few occasions in which he mentions a native rebellion, he always points out that it is more than justified by native grievances. Ed. (December 21, 2020). Many of the settlers were adventurers, speculators, and even convicts; they came to the New World to enjoy the kind of wealth that Spain’s rigid class structure denied them at home. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. He prospered, but the seeds of discontent had been sown, in part by Montesino’s speech. Exactly what prompted Las Casas to publish his own book the following year is uncertain. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. All of his more rarefied philosophical arguments boiled down to the belief that the natives were “homunculi in whom hardly a vestige of humanity remains … pigs with their eyes always fixed on the ground” (Sepúlveda in Las Casas, p. xxviii). Author. It had been read to the King in 1542, but apparently the friar now came to realize that it needed a wider audience. Las Casas notes that missionaries who could preach without interruption from soldiers were welcomed with open arms. Despite his strenuous objections to his country’s conduct in the New World, Las Casas remained a loyal subject of Spain and its King. He rejects the assertion of their natural slavery first by his own reading of Aristotle, and then by recourse to his personal experience. This debate took place in 1551 in the Junta of Valladolid, a kind of court for judging grievances and points of law in Valladolid, Spain. A brief personal account written in 1542; published in Spanish (as Brevissima relación de la destrucción de las Indias) in 1552, in English in 1583. He wrote A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies in 1542, a shocking catalogue of mass slaughter, torture and slavery, which showed that the evangelizing vision of Columbus had descended under later conquistadors into genocide. Report wrong cover image. Dedicated to Philip II to alert the Castilian Crown to these atrocities and demand that the Indians be entitled to the basic rights of humankind, this passionate … This allowed them to get the gold, jewels, and slaves that they so desired quicker and with greater ease. In slavery, they are worked mercilessly in gold mines or in the fields. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. The book was reprinted as recently as the Spanish American War of 1898, for purposes of propaganda. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies catalogs the horrors the Spanish colonizers perpetrated on the indigenous peoples they conquered, including attacks, murders, rapes, torture, and massacres. In A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, Casas provides a scathing commentary on the cruelty exercised by the Spanish colonizers on the natives of Hispaniola—as well as explain the aims that motivated this behavior. Even today, as much of Latin America struggles with the long after-effects of colonialism, he is cited in this regard. This was not a debate in modern terms: the two men were never in the same room at the same time. God spoke, it was widely believed, through the Pope’s mouth; failure to obey his orders meant risking damnation after death, and dire consequences for Spain in this world. One of the laws prohibits a Spaniard “from calling an Indian ‘dog’ or any other name unless it is his real name” (Hanke, p. 25). ." This effort reaches its climax in A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, a renowned description of a genocidal nightmare. Encomenderos from Mexico to Peru protested loudly, unanimously, and (in the end) effectively that their rights were being trampled. By Bartoleme de Las Casas. ; A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (Spanish: Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias) is an account written by the Spanish Dominican friar Bartolomé de las Casas in 1542 (published in 1552) about the torture, mistreatment and genocide of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas in colonial … [1] Skip to main content.us. Bartolome de Las Casa - A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies Preparer's notes: 1) Though the original title does not appear in this version, this is (apart from the preface) a translation of: "Brevisima relacion de la destruccíon de las Indias", by Bartolome de las Casas, originally published in Seville in 1552. He compares them to Jeroboam, the Jewish king of the Old Testament book of I Kings who ordered his people to worship golden calves. The Spanish Struggle for Justice in the Conquest of America. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. But the basic argument was simple. The Spanish gained wealth and power on an unprecedented scale, establishing an empire that lasted into the nineteenth century. World Literature and Its Times: Profiles of Notable Literary Works and the Historic Events That Influenced Them. Not only must the Spaniards attempt to gain converts; more basically, they are required to treat Native Americans as fellow human beings, entitled to life and property and protected by law and justice. For the first time, the Spanish court recognized that Native Americans had rights, and attempted to protect those rights. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (Book) Book Details. However, in the first 50 years of Spanish presence in the Americas, this serious moral dilemma led to an open, and important, debate on the nature of Native Americans and their rights under Christian law. Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies 28th October 2020. His first complaint was that Sepúlveda, who had never been to the New World, relied for his knowledge of the Indians on the accounts of conquistadors and slaveowners. Frequently it would be read miles from a village as a sneak attack was prepared, or even from the deck of a Spanish ship. World Literature and Its Times: Profiles of Notable Literary Works and the Historic Events That Influenced Them. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. However, it is Las Casas’s other type of evidence—anecdotal—that most moves the reader. Both sides claimed victory; although, inasmuch as Sepulveda’s book was never licensed, he was perhaps the loser. Title. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies Research Paper ... A brief Destruction of the Indies Bartolome' De Las Casas stated that "those who have traveled to this part of the world pretending to be Christians have uprooted these pitiful peoples and wiped them from the face of the earth (Las Casas, 12). Living thousands of miles from the Spanish court, many undoubtedly continued to do what they pleased. 0140445625. Reprinted in Major Problems of American Colonial History EMBED EMBED (for wordpress ... A short account of the destruction of the Indies by Casas, Bartolomé de las, 1484-1566. From this time on, he acted as a continual thorn in the side of the Spanish settlers, by appealing to the conscience of the Spanish court. The soldiers actually used this hospitality as an advantage to pillage the cities and villages since they were faced with less opposition. The first English version, entitled The Spanish Colonie … was made by one ‘M. Las Casas reports the speech as follows: “They have a God whom they worship and adore, and it is in order to get that God from us so that they can worship Him that they conquer us and kill us.” He had beside him as he spoke a basket filled with gold jewelry and he said, “Here is the God of the Christians …Mark you: if we keep this God about us, they will kill us in order to get their hands on him. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies: | | A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies | | | ... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled. De Las Casas never makes this assumption because of his devoutness to the Spanish crown but it is quite obvious. And even though those survivors remain obedient to their oppressors, their nightmare does not end. This document was drafted in 1513, as the largest Spanish fleet yet assembled for America lay waiting in port. The Native Americans, they argued, were slaves by nature; the only way for Spaniards to convert them was to drag them forcibly from their own sloth. Publication Date. He predicts that “the Indians would turn against them [the missionaries at Verapaz] once more, especially since it was no longer possible to preach the word of God without incidents caused by the wicked Spaniards” (Las Casas, A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, p. 86). Any native who resists can be killed or enslaved. Las Casas’s reply was equally simple; but, in the process of making it, he advanced a number of ideas that were remarkably progressive, and all but unspeakably radical for his time. In 1545 the most radical of the laws relating to the encomiendas was overturned, and following years saw further regression. Nigel Griffin. He admits that cannibalism and human sacrifice exist, although he denies their prevalence; but he also argues that even these horrendous practices do not justify slaughter. What was Las Casas' purpose for writing? Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies. Las Casas reports Spaniards raping, roasting, impaling Native Americans—not only men in battle, but also women and children. In other words, they are not natural slaves. Thus, the European interest in the Short Account had less to do with concern for Native Americans than with a desire to blacken Spain at any cost. (Alexander VI is the pope who allowed Spain to settle the New World in 1493; “isles and Tierra Firme” refer to the Indies and to mainland South and Central America.) A papal bull of 1493 allowed for the establishment of religious orders in the New World. English Imprint Indianapolis, Ind. De Las Casas goes through only a handful of the different accounts of genocide, but sufficient to prove his point. An early traveller to the Americas who sailed on one of Columbus’s voyages, Las Casas was so horrified by the wholesale massacre he witnessed that he dedicated his life to protecting the Indian community. However, the Spaniards that were sent did not abide by the rules they were given and killed millions of people for their gold. Finally, war was urgently needed to end the vile practices of cannibalism, human sacrifice, and idolatry that Sepúlveda claimed were endemic to South America. Sepúlveda complained to the Council of the Indies, which organized a debate between the two men in 1550. He could boast of powerful allies, especially in Spain: in 1544, despite opposition from colonists, he was named Bishop of Chiapas (in southern Mexico). Publication Date: 1598. However, the mere injustice that occurred with the lives of innocent people was not enough to spur the nobles in Spain to action. The sections of the New Laws that regulated treatment of natives were never revoked, but the central laws that might have permanently altered the situation (such as the abolition of encomiendas or the punishment of abusive slaveowners) were. He wrote A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies in 1542, a shocking catalogue of mass slaughter, torture and slavery, which showed that the evangelizing vision of Columbus had descended under later conquistadors into genocide. This conflict is summed up in the words of Bernal Díaz, a foot soldier of the time: “We came here to serve God, and also to get rich” (Diaz in Hanke, p. 32). Get A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies from Amazon.com. These two sides waged a running battle throughout the first half of the sixteenth century, beginning with the debate over the Laws of Burgos. 1999. 0140445625. Bent on capturing Indians, soldiers on the ship would read the Requerimiento while still at sea to legalize whatever they did to the natives when they landed. The debate was extremely intellectual, but it originated as much in personal grudges as in Aristotelean theory. In 1511 an almost unknown Dominican friar named Antonio de Montesinos preached a sermon in the colonial capital of Santo Domingo (in present-day Dominican Republic). In the end, the encomienda system would expire, not because of Las Casas’s efforts, but rather because of the greed of the settlers themselves—native populations dwindled and the precious metals dried up, becoming harder to find. Against this background, the greed of the Spaniards shines even darker. establishment in the New World, in a way, attests to a new perspective of human nature. His extensive writings, the most famous being A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies and Historia de Las Indias, chronicle the first decades of colonization of the West Indies and focus particularly on the atrocities committed by the colonizers against the indigenous peoples. . And since men and women were separated, there could be no marital relations. However, the relationship followed a downward pattern. Born in Seville, Spain, in 1474, Bartolomé de las Casas was among the first wave of Spanish missionaries in the New World. 1999. ...Bartolome de Las Casa - A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies Preparer's notes: 1) Though the original title does not appear in this version, this is (apart from the preface) a translation of: "Brevisima relacion de la destruccíon de las Indias", by Bartolome de las Casas, originally published in Seville in 1552. Buy A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies by Casas, Bartolomé de las (ISBN: 9781539797722) from Amazon's Book Store. Shelfmark: M.06.23. Spanish Conquistadors 981 Words | 4 Pages. (In the Short Account Las Casas repeatedly warns that Spain’s crimes against Native Americans will cause God to punish the nation.). They are chained around the neck; when a slave collapses, unable to work anymore, he is instantly beheaded so that the chain need not be broken. This study guide contains the following sections: This detailed literature summary also contains Topics for Discussion and a Free Quiz on Thus, forty-nine years have passed since the first settlers penetrated the land, the . plus shipping 21 relations. Penguin Classics. Sepúlveda claimed that the Indians were the natural slaves hypothesized by Aristotle: this class of people was fit only to serve better people. Ironically, the man who spent his life vindicating the humanity of Native Americans has become, for history, the figure who vindicates the humanity of Spaniards. Hatuey’s assumption, based on the behavior of the Spanish, was that they worshipped gold as a god and wanted to take his tribe’s gold so that they could have more to worship. In this sermon Montesino fulminated against the slave-holding Spanish: “This voice says that you are in mortal sin, that you live and die in it, for the cruelty and tyranny you use in dealing with these innocent people. One historian defines the Leyendo Negro as “traditional literature that criticizes the people, history, and national character of Spain, in part for cruelty in the conquest of native America, and in part for bigotry, pride, hypocrisy, and other more or less undesirable attributes” (Gibson, p. 4). At the heart of the New Laws were two main issues: the organization of the colonial government and the treatment of native peoples. One of the most famous incidents described by Las Casas involves four or five nobles tortured over an open fire. But if the Laws did not stop conquistadors from slaughtering and enslaving, neither did they quiet the increasingly vocal opponents of Spanish actions. It was a tack that would last only as long as it took the colonists to remind the King of their importance, both as subjects and as creators of wealth. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies Summary & Study Guide includes comprehensive information and analysis to One historian writes, “For the first time in history, a nation and her king initiated discussions concerning the justice of a war that was being waged” (Losada, p. 279). Author: Bartolomé de las Casas. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Write a short paper (1350-1600 words, approx. Roxbury, Massachusetts For an all too brief period after the New Laws of 1542, it must have seemed as if the disastrous side-effects of the Conquest could be reversed: Spain appeared to have come to its senses and to be accentuating the more altruistic side of its mission to the New World. The most direct evidence of his impact on the debate over the Conr quest are the New Laws, a sweeping (if only briefly enacted) reform of the Conquest, the encomienda system, and relations between colonist and native. In other words, Spain had lawful dominion over Native Americans but was obligated to attend to its new subjects’ souls by making real efforts to convert them to Christianity. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. An account, much abbreviated, of the destruction of the Indies, with related texts. Perhaps most horrific is the fate of the pearl diver. He was the unwitting servant of anti-Spanish propagandists in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Not differentiating among Europeans, the natives assumed the missionaries were in league with the soldiers, and, fearing massacre, the missionaries fled. On more than one occasion, he bemoans the fate of missions, like his own Verapaz, that were sabotaged by the greed of roving Spaniards. Las Casas asserts that war is justified only in extreme circumstances, and that nothing in America has met those circumstances. From the modern perspective, it may seem as if the Spaniards decided simply to ignore the Pope’s edict, as the centuries of conquest would suggest. He wrote A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies in 1542, a shocking catalogue of mass slaughter, torture and slavery, which showed that the evangelizing vision of Columbus had descended under later conquistadors into genocide. He freed his slaves and traveled to Spain, where he informed King Ferdinand of all the atrocities he had seen. Immediately download the A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies summary, chapter-by-chapter analysis, book notes, essays, quotes, character descriptions, lesson plans, and more - everything you need for studying or teaching A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies. This is undoubtedly overstated: nothing can erase the slaughter of the conquistadors. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies - Ebook written by Bartolome Las Casas. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias) is an account written by the Spanish Dominican friar Bartolomé de las Casas in 1542 (published in 1552) about the mistreatment of and atrocities committed against the indigenous peoples of the Americas in colonial times and sent to then Prince Philip II of Spain. Las Casas, Bartolome de & Griffin, Nigel & Pagden, Anthony. In other words, he was simply expressing unequivocally an issue that the court was concerned with in a more ambivalent way: the justice of its actions in the Americas. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. Nigel Griffin writes Before the century was out translations of the work had appeared in Flemish, English, French, German, and Latin. Dominican Friar Bartolomé de Las Casas’s A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies is a primary source on the genocide of indigenous peoples during Spanish colonization of the Americas. In the case of the second settlement (called Verapaz), the missionaries started out well, but the natives in their sphere were attacked by a band of soldiers. Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies 28th October 2020. Today it is generally assumed that the Spaniards’ preferred method was simple, unmitigated brutality. Over the course of these decades, the voice of Las Casas became preeminent in the defense of the natives. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. To benefit from the wealth of Columbus’s discoveries, Spanish settlers would have to find a way to subjugate the numerous peoples and empires of the Americas. Many more innocent natives were thrown and fed to wild dogs, butchered to pieces by Spanish soldiers, or drowned to death while pearl diving. A Short Account Of Destruction Of The Indies By Bartolome De Las Casas 1871 Words | 8 Pages. Clearly one cannot prove in a short time or with a few words to infidels, especially the Indians, that to sacrifice men to God is contrary to nature; consequently neither anthropophagy nor human sacrifice constitutes just cause for making war… . Losada, Angel. In addition, his experience in the Junta seems to have prompted Las Casas to publicly print his Short Account the following year. He never gives up and struggles throughout his life for a cause that seems impossible to achieve. Las Casas lived his last decades without being rewarded for his efforts. Las Casas did not come to the New World to defend its native peoples. “The Controversy Between Sepúlveda and Las Casas in the Junta of Valladolid.” In Bartolomé de Las Casas in History.Ed. But while both the head of the Dominican Order in Spain, and King Ferdinand himself, threatened to punish the rebellious preacher, the sermon led directly to the first attempt to relieve the suffering of the Indians: the Laws of Burgos. Partly to refute those conquistadors who justified their terror by accentuating the sloth and viciousness of Native Americans, he paints a picture of the natives as nearly perfect: kind, gentle, hospitable, and ripe to hear the word of God. ." Start studying Bartolome de las Casas, Preface to A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (1552). Immediately download the A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies summary, chapter-by-chapter analysis, book notes, essays, quotes, character descriptions, lesson plans, and more - everything you need for studying or teaching A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies. . This is an excellent edition of "A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies." A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies catalogs the horrors the Spanish colonizers perpetrated on the indigenous peoples they conquered, including attacks, murders, rapes, torture, and massacres. [T]hey are not obliged to abandon the religion of their forefathers until they come to know another which they find better. However, this generosity was their custom and the Spaniards could count on it. The other side argued that, although obligated to serve the King and God, the natives were in all other respects free and equal to Spaniards, and should be treated with no more severity than any of the King’s European subjects. Thus, he implores the Spanish Crown to order an end to the bloodshed before it is too late. Gibson, Charles. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies: 1: Ramirez, Maritza, De Bry, Theodor, de Las Casas, Bartolomé: Amazon.sg: Books Twice, in 1521 and from 1545 to 1560, he attempted to establish peaceful, noncoercive settlements of natives and priests; these efforts eventually succumbed to the violence and turbulence of the world outside. 21 Dec. 2020 . He reports that Spaniards would often crowd a house with the leaders of a tribe, on the pretext of a feast, and then set the house on fire, hacking to death anyone who attempted to escape. Las Casas, who agitated for these reforms in person, must have felt both vindication and relief. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies by Bartolomé de Las Casas. Buy This Book. The slaves were used for everything from carrying packs, building large buildings, pearl diving, and even attacking other villages when the Spaniards didn't want to use their own men. Queen Isabella of Spain (1451–1504) considered the natives of the Americas, from the start of Spanish colonization, as free vassals with cert…, Encomienda, the right to control the labor of and collect tribute from an Indian community, granted to subjects, especially the first conquerors and…, Columbus, Christopher Bartolomé de las Casas reports to the King of Spain on the atrocities and injustices that Spanish soldiers have committed against the native people of the Americas. Publication Date: 1598. Essays in the Intellectual History of Colonial Latin Amenca. In many ways, his thought prefigures that of the twentieth century; in just as many ways, it would have been at home in the twelfth century. However, the date of retrieval is often important. $14.99. After three dedications (designed to secure the book a royal audience), Las Casas starts the text proper with its unvarying pattern: the description of an area and when it was conquered, followed by graphic descriptions of the brutal actions of the Spanish there. The American Indian cultures of northeastern North America, also known as the Woodland Indians, inhabited a region that was rich in natural…, Eliot, John He was in Hispaniola when Montesino delivered his indictment, but he was not immediately convinced. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies: Casas, Bartolomé de las: 9781539797722: Books - Amazon.ca For the first few decades, at least, it seemed possible to reconcile concern for the natives (and, especially, concern for Christianizing them) with desire for gold. The Spanish kings, searching for a way to justify their endeavors, encouraged open debate on the subject of the Native Americans. They were similarly radical in their treatment of Indians: they restated the Laws of Burgos in even firmer terms, outlawed the enslavement of natives in any circumstances, and provided for punishment of any encomendero who mistreated his natives. According to Aristotle, says Las Casas, the number of humans who fall in the category of natural slaves is very small; Native Americans are too numerous and prosperous to fit this category. Bartolome de Las Casa - A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies Preparer's notes: 1) Though the original title does not appear in this version, this is (apart from the preface) a translation of: "Brevisima relacion de la destruccíon de las Indias", by Bartolome de las Casas, originally published in Seville in 1552. Only the most famous of various defenders of native peoples entered their territory they welcomed them with open.! 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