[39] Historically Guernsey's horticultural and greenhouse activities have been more significant than in Jersey, and Guernsey has maintained light industry as a higher proportion of its economy than Jersey. Below is a list of all EEA countries that are all part of the freedom of movement for workers. Since then, the Channel Islands have been governed as possessions of the Crown and were never absorbed into the Kingdom of England and its successor kingdoms of Great Britain and the United Kingdom. [50], Victor Hugo spent many years in exile, first in Jersey and then in Guernsey, where he finished Les Misérables. EEA students can take part in the same UK programs as EU students. [7] The islands became detached by rising sea levels in the Neolithic period. The German garrison in Alderney was left until 16 May, and it was one of the last of the Nazi German remnants to surrender. The Jersey cricket team and the Guernsey cricket team are both associate members of the International Cricket Council. Switzerland is neither an EU nor EEA member but is part of the single market – this means Swiss nationals have the same rights to live and work in the UK as other EEA nationals. The Eionet core data flows page provides an overview of these data flows, which are a subset of the key data reported by EEA member and cooperating countries using the Reportnet tools. Submarine cables connect the various islands and provide connectivity with England and France. € – Eurozone. [27] The first evacuees returned on the first sailing from Great Britain on 23 June,[20] but the people of Alderney were unable to start returning until December 1945. [12]:2–4 Owain Lawgoch, a mercenary leader of a Free Company in the service of the French Crown, attacked Jersey and Guernsey in 1372, and in 1373 Bertrand du Guesclin besieged Mont Orgueil. There were probably some Celtic Britons who settled on the Islands in the 5th and 6th centuries AD (the indigenous Celts of Great Britain, and the ancestors of the modern Welsh, Cornish, and Bretons) who had emigrated from Great Britain in the face of invading Anglo-Saxons. In 1259, his successor, Henry III of England, by the Treaty of Paris, officially surrendered his claim and title to the Duchy of Normandy, while the King of France gave up claim to the Channel Islands, which was based upon his position as feudal overlord of the Duke of Normandy. In the early 21st century, the existence of governmental offices such as the bailiffs' with multiple roles straddling the different branches of government came under increased scrutiny for their apparent contravention of the doctrine of separation of powers—most notably in the Guernsey case of McGonnell -v- United Kingdom (2000) 30 EHRR 289. EEA is short for European Economic Area. The Channel Islands, Isle of Man and Gibraltar are not within the EEA. The numerous dolmens and other archaeological sites extant and recorded in history demonstrate the existence of a population large enough and organised enough to undertake constructions of considerable size and sophistication, such as the burial mound at La Hougue Bie[8] in Jersey or the statue menhirs of Guernsey. The two major islands are Jersey and Guernsey. The two Bailiwicks each have their own internet domain, .GG (Guernsey, Alderney, Sark) and .JE (Jersey), which are managed by channelisles.net. Both islands still form part of the British telephone numbering plan, but Ofcom on the mainlines does not have responsibility for telecommunications regulatory and licensing issues on the islands. 28 member states within EU; three of the four member states of the EFTA (Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway). [51] A "Guernsey-man" also makes an appearance in chapter 91 of Herman Melville's Moby-Dick. Islanders became involved with the Newfoundland fisheries in the seventeenth century. [citation needed], Various attempts to transfer the islands from the diocese of Coutances (to Nantes (1400), Salisbury (1496), and Winchester (1499)) had little effect until an Order in Council of 1569 brought the islands formally into the diocese of Winchester. See EEA disambiguation page for other meanings of EEA.. They are an incorporated part of the commune of Granville (Manche). Software updated on 23 November 2020 18:51 from version 20.10.13. The very large tidal variation provides an environmentally rich inter-tidal zone around the islands, and some islands such as Burhou, the Écréhous, and the Minquiers have been designated Ramsar sites. [14][15][16], The islands acquired commercial and political interests in the North American colonies. Moreover, much of the population of military age had joined the British Army already. Norse settlement eventually succeeded initial attacks, and it is from this period that many place names of Norse origin appear, including the modern names of the islands. In recognition for all the help given to him during his exile in Jersey in the 1640s, Charles II gave George Carteret, Bailiff and governor, a large grant of land in the American colonies, which he promptly named New Jersey, now part of the United States of America. The Channel Islands are not represented in the UK Parliament. Due to the destruction of documents, it is impossible to state how many forced workers died in the other islands. In Alderney, the occupying Germans built four camps in which over 700 people out of a total worker population of about 6,000 died. Switzerland is not an EU member nor a signatory to the EEA, but they have transposed the Medical Devices Directives into their national law and these countries require CE Marking. Many of the town domiciles existing today were built in that time. A similar thing with Greenland and the Faroes which are neither part of the EU even though they are Danish autonomous dependencies. The Channel Islands, Isle of Man and Gibraltar are not within the EEA. Services are held in a number of languages. 'Îles Normandes' and 'Archipel Normand' have also, historically, been used in Channel Island French to refer to the islands as a whole. They have a combined population of approximately 165,000, and a combined GDP of approximately £6.2billion. Introduction. In the 1960s, names used for the cross-Channel ferries plying the mail route between the islands and Weymouth, Dorset, were taken from the popular Latin names for the islands: Caesarea (Jersey), Sarnia (Guernsey) and Riduna (Alderney). Wealthy French émigrés fleeing the Revolution sought residency in the islands. Only three of the four countries that belong to … This notwithstanding, it is a matter of local pride for monarchists to treat the situation otherwise: the Loyal toast at formal dinners is to 'The Queen, our Duke', rather than to 'Her Majesty, The Queen' as in the UK.[33]. A regular passenger ferry service on the Commodore Clipper goes from both Channel Island ports to Portsmouth daily, and carries both passengers and freight. Today there are three working railways in the Channel Islands, of which the Alderney Railway is the only one providing a regular timetabled passenger service. The European Union (EU) has 27 member states: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (including Gibraltar, excluding the Channel Islands, BNO passport holders and Isle of Man) From 31 January 2020 the UK is no longer an EU/EEA member state. A bailiwick is a territory administered by a bailiff. There was no resistance movement in the Channel Islands on the scale of that in mainland France. 2) The above statement implies that products that have been on the market or in service in any of the following areas, before the implementation of a directive, are excluded from In 1066, William II of Normandy invaded and conquered England, becoming William I of England, also known as William the Conqueror. The grant of seigneurship from Elizabeth I of England in 1565 forms the basis of Sark's constitution today. The EEA includes EU countries and also Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. Hoards of Armorican coins have been excavated, providing evidence of trade and contact in the Iron Age period. The legal courts are separate; separate courts of appeal have been in place since 1961. The term "Channel Islands" began to be used around 1830, possibly first by the Royal Navy as a collective name for the islands. Rental income comes second at 15.1% with other business activities at 11.2%. [41] Guernsey had a GDP of £3.2 billion in 2018[42][43] and with a stable population of around 66,000 has had a steadily rising GDP which in 2018 passed £52,000. The Duchy of Normandy. [21] Thousands of children were evacuated with their schools to England and Scotland. [53], Cricket is popular in the Channel Islands. Each of the three largest islands has a distinct vehicle registration scheme: In Sark, where most motor traffic is prohibited, the few vehicles – nearly all tractors – do not display plates. [46] On 20 September, it was announced that Channel Island Lines would continue this service, and would purchase the MV Huelin Dispatch from Associated British Ports who in turn had purchased them from the receiver in the bankruptcy. Three additional countries (Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein), although not officially part of the European Union, are signatories to the European Economic Area (EEA). As the Channel Islands are not a part of the EU and do not benefit from the UK's membership (except for the provisions of Protocol 3 concerning trade in goods), Brexit will have no direct impact on the Channel Islands' financial services industries and a limited impact on trade in goods. In Jersey, potatoes are an important export crop, shipped mostly to the UK. [52], The annual "Muratti", the inter-island football match, is considered the sporting event of the year, although, due to broadcast coverage, it no longer attracts the crowds of spectators, travelling between the islands, that it did during the twentieth century. The Royal Navy blockaded the islands from time to time, particularly following the Invasion of Normandy in June 1944. In the late twentieth century, a strong Roman Catholic presence re-emerged with the arrival of numerous Portuguese workers (both from mainland Portugal and the island of Madeira). [citation needed]. In Saint Peter Port, a large part of the harbour had been built by 1865. 6,600 out of 50,000 left Jersey while 17,000 out of 42,000 left Guernsey. This article is about the Crown dependencies. Code for developers. The Channel Islands (“the Islands”) consist of the Bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey. While they are popular with visitors from France, Channel Islanders rarely visit them as there are no direct transport links from the other islands. [20] Alderney had the only Nazi concentration camps on British soil.[22][23]. In the late eighteenth century, the Islands were dubbed "the French Isles". It used to include Switzerland and the visa regimes of most countries throughout the world still treat Swiss passport holders as if Switzerland was still an EEA member. According to 2015 statistics, 39% of the population was non-religious.[59][60]. This affected only a minority of islanders. They include two Crown dependencies: the Bailiwick of Jersey, which is the largest of the islands; and the Bailiwick of Guernsey, consisting of Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, Herm and some smaller islands. It was retaken by the Yorkists in 1468. [41], Jersey has had a steadily rising population, increasing from below 90,000 in 2000 to over 105,000 in 2018 which combined with a flat GVA has resulted in GVA per head of population falling from £57,000 to £44,000 per person. In September 2010, a Channel Islands Brussels Office was set up jointly by the two Bailiwicks to develop the Channel Islands' influence with the EU, to advise the Channel Islands' governments on European matters, and to promote economic links with the EU.[36]. Gallo-Roman culture was adopted to an unknown extent in the islands.[10]. Any British citizen who applies for a passport in Jersey or Guernsey receives a passport bearing the words "British Islands, Bailiwick of Jersey" or "British Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey". Guernsey (GBG): a number of up to five digits; This page was last edited on 9 December 2020, at 10:00. Each has its own independent laws, elections, and representative bodies (although in modern times, politicians from the islands' legislatures are in regular contact). Since 1969, Jersey and Guernsey have operated postal administrations independently of the UK's Royal Mail, with their own postage stamps, which can be used for postage only in their respective Bailiwicks. Guernsey neither contributes to, nor directly receives anything from, the funds of the European Union. Before German troops landed, between 30 June and 4 July 1940, evacuation took place. GVA has fluctuated between £4.5 and £5 billion for 20 years. For the most part the islands legislate for themselves. Among the legal heritage from Norman law is the Clameur de haro. During the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Jersey held out strongly for the Royalist cause, providing refuge for Charles, Prince of Wales in 1646 and 1649–1650, while the more strongly Presbyterian Guernsey more generally favoured the parliamentary cause (although Castle Cornet was held by Royalists and did not surrender until October 1651). They include two Crown dependencies: the Bailiwick of Jersey, which is the largest of the islands; and the Bailiwick of Guernsey, consisting of Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, Herm and some smaller islands. The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man have Associate Member status. You will also find other legal documents, such as all adopted Joint Committee Decisions and the EEA status of EU legal acts. … Ferry services to Normandy are operated by Manche Îles Express, and services between Jersey and Saint-Malo are operated by Compagnie Corsaire and Condor Ferries. The names of the larger islands in the archipelago in general have the -ey suffix, whilst those of the smaller ones have the -hou suffix. This privilege of neutrality enabled islanders to trade with both France and England and was respected until 1689 when it was abolished by Order in Council following the Glorious Revolution in Great Britain. The Isle of Wight, which is part of England, lies just off the coast of Great Britain, between the Channel and the Solent. Bitte die mit * gekennzeichneten Felder ausfüllen. In 933, the islands were granted to William I Longsword by Raoul King of Western Francia[11] and annexed to the Duchy of Normandy. Tourism 4.5% with agriculture contributing just 1.2% and manufacturing even lower at 1.1%. The EEA extends the single market to all 31 member states and allows nationals of participating countries to travel freely between them. Liechtenstein. The islands are not part of the United Kingdom or European Union, but rather are possessions of the British Crown with independent administrations. Occupational exposure limit (OEL) values are derived within two legal frameworks that form an integral part of the EU’s mechanism for protecting the health of … Islanders are full British citizens, but were not classed as European citizens unless by descent from a UK national. Both bailiwicks are members of the British–Irish Council, and Jèrriais and Guernésiais are recognised regional languages of the islands. They are considered the remnants of the Duchy of Normandy and, although they are not part of the United Kingdom, the UK is responsible f… Anglicanism was imposed in the seventeenth century, but the Non-Conformist local tendency returned with a strong adoption of Methodism. Jersey always operated its own telephone services independently of Britain's national system, Guernsey established its own telephone service in 1968. However, pursuant to the Treaty of Paris (1259), she governs in her right as The Queen (the "Crown in right of Jersey",[31] and the "Crown in right of the république of the Bailiwick of Guernsey"),[32] and not as the Duke. It was not until the early 1990s that the islands joined the UK's postcode system, Jersey postcodes using the initials JE and Guernsey GY. In simple terms, the Island is treated as part of the European Community or EU market for the purposes of free trade in goods, but otherwise is not a part of the EU. Among these are Bréhat, Île de Batz, Chausey, Tatihou and the Îles Saint-Marcouf. [25] Many land mines were laid, with 65,718 land mines laid in Jersey alone.[26]. At the Reformation, the previously Roman Catholic islands converted to Calvinism under the influence of an influx of French-language pamphlets published in Geneva. However, the Channel Islands Brussels Office (CIBO) ensures that Jersey’s interests are promoted in Europe. The Channel Islands were a part of the Duchy of Normandy and among the possessions William the Conqueror brought with him when he became King of England in 1066. The Channel Islands and the European Union. From the beginning of the ninth century, Norse raiders appeared on the coasts. The dependencies of other member states presumably have similar arrangements. Chausey is referred to as an 'Île normande' (as opposed to anglo-normande). [56], The main islanders have traditional animal nicknames:[57][58]. They have been parts of the Duchy of Normandy since the tenth century, and Queen Elizabeth II is often referred to by her traditional and conventional title of Duke of Normandy. It is neither part of the EU, nor the EEA, but it has a free movement agreement with the EU and EEA Does free movement also apply to more remote parts of EU member states? The Isle of Sark Shipping Company operates small ferries to Sark. Modern broadband speeds are available in all the islands, including VDSL for home and business. Edward III of England granted a Charter in July 1341 to Jersey, Guernsey, Sark and Alderney, confirming their customs and laws to secure allegiance to the English Crown. Hinweis: Usually, an Act gives power to extend its application to the islands by an Order in Council, after consultation. The UK Parliament has power to legislate for the islands, but Acts of Parliament do not extend to the Islands automatically. It allows the EEA EFTA States (Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein) to participate in the Internal Market on the basis of their application of Internal Market relevant acquis. The following states are EU applicants and may become EU members in the future: Switzerland is a member of EFTA but is not a member of the EEA. The Canary Islands are a Spanish archipelago off the African coast which form one of the 17 autonomous communities of Spain –the country's principal first-level administrative division. The teams have played each other in the inter-insular match since 1957. Common Agriculture and Fisheries Policies (although the Agreement contains provisions on various aspects of trade Their numbers have been reinforced by recent migrants from Poland and elsewhere in Eastern Europe. The Channel islands, Isle of Man, Gibraltar and numerous other places are British crown dependendancies and therefore not part of the UK. The Roman name for the Channel Islands was I. Lenuri (Lenur Islands) and is included in the Peutinger Table[9]:4 The traditional Latin names used for the islands (Caesarea for Jersey, Sarnia for Guernsey, Riduna for Alderney) derive (possibly mistakenly) from the Antonine Itinerary. The European Economic Area (the EEA) includes all EU countries and also Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. Many of the rules that apply for the EEA countries also apply for Switzerland, Norway and The Faroe Islands. Further national information will be published later in 2019 as a part of the The European environment — state and outlook 2020 r eport (SOER 2020). United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (including Gibraltar, excluding the Channel Islands, BNO passport holders and Isle of Man) From 31 January 2020 the UK is no longer an EU/EEA member state. The EEA is an agency of the European Union. On 20 August 2013, Huelin-Renouf, which had operated a "lift-on lift-off" container service for 80 years between the Port of Southampton and the Port of Jersey, ceased trading. The European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement and the European Union (EU) are not the same thing. The British Government demilitarised the islands in June 1940, and the lieutenant-governors were withdrawn on 21 June, leaving the insular administrations to continue government as best they could under impending military occupation.[20]. Although there are a few pan-island institutions (such as the Channel Islands office to the EU in Brussels, which is actually a joint venture between the bailiwicks), these tend to be established structurally as equal projects between Guernsey and Jersey. They have a total population of about 170,499, and the bailiwicks' capitals, Saint Helier and Saint Peter Port, have populations of 33,500 and 18,207, respectively. The islands were the only part of the British Isles to be occupied by the German Army during World War II. Creative commons license. But there were not enough of them to leave any trace and the islands continued to be ruled by the king of the Franks and its church remained part of the diocese of Coutances. The Channel Islands (Norman: Îles d'la Manche; French: Îles Anglo-Normandes or Îles de la Manche) are an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy. Many of the evacuees who returned home had difficulty reconnecting with their families after five years of separation. The following states are "EU applicants" and may become EU members in … It seeks to strengthen trade and … Many young men had already left to join the Allied armed forces, as volunteers. In the period 1204–1214, King John lost the Angevin lands in northern France, including mainland Normandy, to King Philip II of France, but managed to retain control of the Channel Islands. The two bailiwicks have been administered separately since the late 13th century. [49] There are four main dialects/languages of Norman in the islands, Auregnais (Alderney, extinct in late twentieth century), Dgèrnésiais (Guernsey), Jèrriais (Jersey) and Sercquiais (Sark, an offshoot of Jèrriais). [24][25] Later, Russians and Central Europeans[who?] Although the words derive from a common root ('bail' = 'to give charge of') there is a vast difference between the meanings of the word 'bailiff' in Great Britain and in the Channel Islands; a bailiff in Britain is a court-appointed private debt-collector authorised to collect judgment debts, in the Channel Islands, the Bailiff in each bailiwick is the civil head, presiding officer of the States, and also head of the judiciary, and thus the most important citizen in the bailiwick. [12]:5–10 Jersey was occupied by the French in 1461 as part of an exchange of helping the Lancastrians fight against the Yorkists during The War of the Roses. The formal relationship between the Channel Islands and the EU is enshrined in Protocol 3 of the UK’s 1972 Accession Treaty, and confirmed in what is now Article 355 (5) (c) of the EU Treaties. 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