They say that Yxcuina, who was the goddess of Shame, protected adulterers. He was one of the seven who remained after the deluge; and he presided over these thirteen signs, which they usually considered unlucky: but they said that he who was born on the seventh sign of Air (Wind) would be rich, but that those who were born on the other signs would be spies and imposters. The star is situated at the south. Rios 13 (19v) Seventh Trecena: Nahuiehecatli (Nahui Ehecatl). Rios 35 (30v) Eighteenth Trecena: Cantico (Chantico). Click to view this page. He was called, before he sinned Xomunco, and afterwards, Yxpapalotl, which signifies a knife of razors. This painting represents the sacrifice which they performed to the Devil with human blood; and the bag of incense, and other things requisite for the sacrifice. Codex Cospi. The Codex Borgia is the most famous of four pre-Colombian codices that make up the “Borgia Group,” painted in the Mixteca-Puebla style by scribes who are thought to have lived in the area the modern Mexican states of Puebla and Tlaxcala. ), for a total length of nearly 11 m. (35 ft.), providing 76 pages with covers of leather. They fasted on the three first signs of his festival, during which they only ate at noon. They believed that those who were born on the first sign of Flint would be expert huntsmen and very illustrious persons, and that he who was born on the fifth sign of Air (Wind) would be an excellent jester. They were probably made from the inner bark of fig trees coated with lime and then written on with ink and brushes. (photo from the Foundation for … While some Aztec gods had names that require interpretation to understand, Xipe Totec’s name simply meant “Our Lord the Flayed One.”2This was an apt name, as he was nearly always depicted wearing the flayed skin of a sacrificial victim. See more ideas about aztec art, mesoamerican, mayan art. He presided over these thirteen signs. By some accounts this deity is a clown and by other accounts a patron god of writing. El Códice Borgia es un manuscrito mesoamericano de contenido ritual y adivinatorio.Se cree que fue escrito antes de la conquista de México, en algún lugar en el sur o el oeste del estado mexicano de Puebla. It was most likely used by native priests to predict cycles of time and fate. This ceremony took place four signs after the birth of the child, if the sign was fortunate; for if this was not the case, or if any other unlucky sign ruled in this sign, they waited till it had passed by, and performed the ceremony on the next sign. The Borgia Codex: The Borgia Codex is an ancient book, created in Mexico in the age before the arrival of the Spanish. Click to view this page. They assigned to him the dominion over the other thirteen signs, which are here represented, in the same manner as they had assigned the preceding thirteen to his father. The text on them is short and needs more study. Rios 25 (25v) Thirteenth Trecena: Yxcuina (Ixcuina). Free for commercial use, no attribution required. John Pohl's - Ancient Books - The Borgia Group - Codex Fejervary Mayer. Click to view this page. They say that it was he who effected the reformation of the world by penance, as we have already said; since as, according to their account, his father had created the world, and men had given themselves up to vice, on which account it had been so frequently destroyed, Citinatonali sent his son into the world to reform it. Click to view this page. Click to view this page. They said that he who was born on the first sign of Air (Wind) would be healthy by his nativity; but that if he grew ill of pains or cancer, that his disease would be incurable. This is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, public domain work of art. Since this, and the other four books which follow, which are the Pentateuch, were written by Moses, and were only found amongst the Hebrew people, there are very strong grounds for supposing that this nation proceeds from them: the manner in which they came to this country is unknown. The codex is an outstanding example of how Aztec manuscript painting is crucial for the understanding of Mexica calendric constructions, deities, and ritual actions. He is clothed with a fowl, which seems to cry in laughing accents; and when it crows O‡, O‡, O‡, they say that it deceived the first woman who committed sin; and accordingly they paint him near the goddess of pollution, to signify that in the same way as Satan is in expectation of all sinners, so pollution is the cause of them. Cantico they say was the first who offered sacrifice after having eaten a fried fish; and that in consequence of the presumption of offering sacrifice without having fasted, Tonacatecuhtli became incensed, and pronounced a curse against him (her), that he (she) should be changed into a dog, which is an animal of a very voracious nature; and accordingly they named him (her) Nine Dogs. FAMSI - John Pohl's - Ancient Books - The Borgia Group - Codex Laud tloloc is in the left bottom corner Saved by spiderwitch A. Free for commercial use, no attribution required. This deity presided over these thirteen signs. Sep 11, 2017 - Explore Gisela Rodriguez's board "codices aztecas" on Pinterest. Note: Codex Borgia substitutes an image of Ixtlilton, a black painted figure who has ash painted around his mouth and eye. Click to view this page. It was Tonatiuh, as they affirm, who conducted to heaven with acclamations the souls of those alone who died in war; and on this account they paint him with these arms in his hands. By some accounts this deity is a clown and by other accounts a patron god of writing. These are Codex Cospi, Codex Vaticanus 3773 (Codex Vaticanus B), Codex Fejérváry-Mayer, and Codex Laud. They said likewise that if false evidence should be adduced on any one of these signs, it would be impossible to make the truth manifest. 00.gs. Main Index For Aztec Codices At FAMSI. A number of codices have been identified as to having similar traits as the Borgia. They say that he was born on that sign; and accordingly a very great festival was celebrated on that sign in Chululan (Cholula) to which they came from all parts of the country, and brought offerings and presents to the lords, Papas, and priests of the temples. This figure has no name; for it only shows how, after the disappearance of Topiltzin Quetzalcoatle, men invented sacrifices of children, with the intention of honoring his festival, which was on the day Seven Canes (Reed). Pages 9 to 13 of the Codex Borgia depicting the relationships between the 20 signs of the Tonalpohualli and Aztec divinities. Rios 23 (24v) Twelfth Trecena: Yztlacoliuhqui (Iztlacoliuhqui). Also as an artistic achievemnt, the Borgia Group codices stand on a high level. I cannot omit to remark, that one of the arguments which persuades me to believe that this nation descends from the Hebrews, is to see what knowledge they have of the book of Genesis; for although the Devil has succeeded in mixing up so many errors, his lies are still in such a course of conformity with Catholic truth, that there is reason to believe that they have had acquaintance with this book. Saved from famsi.org. When this sign arrived, parents enjoined their children not to leave the house, lest any misfortune or unlucky accident should befall them. Codex Fejervary Mayer (famsi) e Flickr is almost certainly the best online photo management and sharing application in the world. He is also associated with gambling symbolized by the patolli board. They say that the Otomies worshipped Quequecoyotl as their god. Rios 11 (18v) Sixth Trecena: Naollin (Nahui Ollin), that is to say, the tremulous action and motions of the Sun caused by the reflection of its rays. We certainly ought to deplore the blindness of these people and the cunning of Satan, who in this manner has persevered in counterfeiting the Holy Scriptures; since he communicated to these poor people the knowledge of the temptation of our mother Eve, and of the inconstancy of our father Adam, under the fiction of this woman, who is turned towards her husband, as God declared to our mother Eve, "et ad virum conversio ejus", (and she shall turn towards her husband); whom they call Isnextli, who is the same as Eve, who is always weeping, with her eyes dim with ashes, with a rose in her hand emblematical of her grief, being in consequence of having gathered it. They say that this offering resembled the purification of the mother and her son mentioned in Leviticus. She was the goddess of pregnant women, and of those who knew how to work and weave, for they say that she invented those two occupations. Tonacaciqua was the wife of Tonacatecotle: for as we have observed above, although their gods were not as they affirm united for matrimonial purposes, still they assigned to each of them a goddess as a companion: they called her by another name Suchiquetzal (Xochiquetzal) and Chicomecoual (Chicomecoatl) which means Seven Serpents because they say that she was the cause of sterility, famine, and the miseries of this life. Suchiquecal was the wife of Tzinteutl. Aug 27, 2020 - Images from the Borgia Group Codex - Fejervary Mayer from John Pohl. Click to view this page. I cannot assign a different etymology for the name of Tlaloque, but can only say, that as the companion of the four winds or four seasons of the year, it signifies fine weather; and accordingly, although the serpent is an unlucky sign, when in this month Tlaloque was in the sign of Seven Serpents, they considered it fortunate for everything, but especially for marriages. Click to view this page. Patecatle, who was the husband of Mayaguil (Mayahuel), the woman with four hundred breasts, who was metamorphosed into the maguei plant or vine, was properly the root which they put into the water or wine which distils from the maguei in order to make it ferment: and the unhappy man to whose industry the invention of the art of making wine by causing fermentation by means of this root was due, was afterwards worshipped as a god, and became the lord of these thirteen signs; all of which they considered fortunate, because the god of wine ruled over them. Click to view this page. Xipe Totec was known by other names as well, including Tlatlauhca, Red Tezcatlipoca, Yoalli Tlauana (Night Drinker), Tlaclau Queteztzatlipuca, and Camaxtli.3 The women were first strangled; they were afterwards thrown into some place before the image of this god or demon, where they stoned their naked bodies. They say that Tonacatecotle presided over the thirteen signs here marked. This site uses cookies to improve your experience and to help show ads that are more relevant to your interests. Collection of book illustrations from various sources selected by BibliOdyssey. He who was born on the sign of One Rose (Flower) they believed would become a musician, a physician, a weaver, or a principal person. These are the figures which have been mentioned; and the first is that of their greatest god, Tonacatecotle. The screenfold manuscript is painted on deerskin prepared with a gesso-like coating. Rios 17 and 18 (21v and 22r) Ninth Trecena: Tlavizcalpantecutli (Tlahuizcalpantecutli). It was necessary to wear in these festivals the habit of the god. They called this god Tonacatecotli, and by another name Citallatonalli; and they said that he was the constellation which appears by night in the sky, named Saint James' or the Milky Way. 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